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A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...
A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards. A computer card punch is a computer output device that punches holes in cards. Sometimes computer punch card readers were combined with computer card punches and ...
Computer punched card reader—a computer input device used to read executable computer programs and data from punched cards under computer control. Card readers, found in early computers, could read up to 100 cards per minute, while traditional "high-speed" card readers could read about 1,000 cards per minute. [90] Computer card punch—a ...
The ICT 1301 and its smaller derivative ICT 1300 were early business computers from International Computers and Tabulators.Typical of mid-sized machines of the era, they used core memory, drum storage and punched cards, but they were unusual in that they were based on decimal logic instead of binary.
Columns on different punch cards vary from 5 to 12 punch positions. The method used to store data on punched cards is vendor specific. In general each column represents a single digit, letter or special character. Sequential card columns allocated for a specific use, such as names, addresses, multi-digit numbers, etc., are known as a field.
A combined IBM 528 card reader and punch could read cards at 200 per minute, and punch at 100 cards per minute. When simultaneously started, the reader and punch ran at 100 cards per minute. Automatic conversion to and from 6-bit characters was provided. This mode was in addition to the programmed conversion provided by the Mark I DEUCE.
Input hopper for the IBM 1402's card punch Cables entering the back of the IBM 1402. The IBM 1402 was a high-speed card reader/punch introduced on October 5, 1959 as a peripheral input/output device for the IBM 1401 computer. It was later used with other computers of the IBM 1400 series and IBM 7000 series product lines.
Pilot ACE console Punch cards, detail view against dark grey background, for Pilot ACE computer, built at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom), circa 1950. Science Museum London [1] [2] The Pilot ACE (Automatic Computing Engine) was one of the first computers built in the United Kingdom. [3]