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The maxillary branch passes external to, but immediately adjacent to, the lateral wall of the sinus. [1] The optic nerve lies just above and outside the cavernous sinus, superior and lateral to the pituitary gland on each side, and enters the orbital apex via the optic canal.
The petrolingual ligament lies at the posteroinferior aspect of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and marks the point at which the internal carotid artery enters the cavernous sinus. Anatomically, the petrolingual ligament demarcates two of the segments of the internal carotid artery:
The heart is a muscular organ situated in the mediastinum.It consists of four chambers, four valves, two main arteries (the coronary arteries), and the conduction system. The left and right sides of the heart have different functions: the right side receives de-oxygenated blood through the superior and inferior venae cavae and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, and the left ...
Oblique section through the cavernous sinus. The cavernous segment, or C4, of the internal carotid artery begins at the petrolingual ligament and extends to the proximal dural ring, which is formed by the medial and inferior periosteum of the anterior clinoid process. The cavernous segment is surrounded by the cavernous sinus.
The coronary sinus drains through the posterior wall of right atrium at the orifice of the coronary sinus. [ 6 ] [ 1 ] This orifice is located at the posteroinferior aspect of the right atrium, just medial [ 1 ] and to the left of the orifice of inferior vena cava , [ 6 ] and between the inferior vena cava and the right atrioventricular orifice ...
Heart failure is caused by chronic oxygen deprivation due to reduced blood flow, which weakens the heart over time. Arrhythmias are caused by inadequate blood supply to the heart that interferes with the heart's electric impulse. The coronary arteries can constrict as a response to various stimuli, mostly chemical. This is known as a coronary ...
Upon reaching the posterior surface of the heart, [3] the great cardiac vein merges with the oblique vein of the left atrium to form the coronary sinus. [2] [3] At the junction of the great cardiac vein and the coronary sinus, there is typically a valve present. This is the Vieussens valve of the coronary sinus. [2]
Infections of the infratemporal space are rare. They may be significant however, as it is possible for infection to spread via emissary veins from the pterygoid plexus to the cavernous sinus, which may result in cavernous sinus thrombosis, a rare but life-threatening condition. [2]