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An example of real GDP (y) plotted against time (x).Often time is denoted as t instead of x. The IS curve moves to the right if spending plans at any potential interest rate go up, causing the new equilibrium to have higher interest rates (i) and expansion in the "real" economy (real GDP, or Y).
Butterfly Economics: A New General Theory of Social and Economic Behavior is a book by Paul Ormerod dealing with economic theory, published in 1998. The author uses a plethora of insect-related metaphors to show that an economy tends to function like a living organism and is thus able to learn and to adapt.
Equilibrium may also be economy-wide or general, as opposed to the partial equilibrium of a single market. Equilibrium can change if there is a change in demand or supply conditions. For example, an increase in supply will disrupt the equilibrium, leading to lower prices. Eventually, a new equilibrium will be attained in most markets.
Market freedom: degree of autonomy enjoyed by the participants in price determination and competition; Market regulation: restrictions on marketability and market freedom, done by tradition, convention, law, voluntary action; Trade networks are very old and in this picture the blue line shows the trade network of the Radhanites, c. 870 CE.
We will use the term 'price line' to denote a common tangent to two indifference curves. An equilibrium therefore corresponds to a budget line which is also a price line, and the price at equilibrium is the gradient of the line. In Fig. 3 ω is the endowment and ω ' is the equilibrium allocation. The reasoning behind this is as follows. Fig. 4.
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The transition from the short-run to the long-run may be done by considering some short-run equilibrium that is also a long-run equilibrium as to supply and demand, then comparing that state against a new short-run and long-run equilibrium state from a change that disturbs equilibrium, say in the sales-tax rate, tracing out the short-run ...
Partial equilibrium, the equilibrium price and quantity which come from the cross of supply and demand in a competitive market; Radner equilibrium, an economic concept defined by economist Roy Radner in the context of general equilibrium; Recursive competitive equilibrium, an economic equilibrium concept associated with a dynamic program