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Statue of St. Peter in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican According to Catholic belief, Simon Peter was distinguished by Jesus to hold the first place of honor and authority . Also in Catholic belief, Peter was, as the first Bishop of Rome, the first Pope .
Saint Peter's status as a major martyr is not only because he was the "first vicar of Christ", but also because he was, like Christ, crucified. Although his final request is not mentioned in the canonical New Testament, it was popularly believed (due to the apocryphal text known as the Acts of Peter ) that he demanded: "Crucify me head ...
The Crucifixion of Saint Peter (Italian: Crocifissione di san Pietro) is a work by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, painted in 1601 for the Cerasi Chapel of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. Across the chapel is a second Caravaggio work depicting the Conversion of Saint Paul on the Road to Damascus (1601).
The origin of the symbol comes from the tradition that Saint Peter was crucified upside down. [1] This narrative first appears in the "Martyrdom of Peter", a text found in, but possibly predating, the Acts of Peter, an apocryphal work which was originally composed during the second half of the 2nd century. [2]
Saint Peter's tomb is a site under St. Peter's Basilica that includes several graves and a structure said by Vatican authorities to have been built to memorialize the location of Saint Peter's grave. St. Peter's tomb is alleged near the west end of a complex of mausoleums, the Vatican Necropolis, that date between about AD 130 and AD 300. [1]
It is believed to mark the site when Saint Peter was crucified. [2] It is the area where the relics of St. Peter were venerated in early medieval times, before his skull was removed to be housed at the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran.
The Janiculum is one of the best locations in Rome for a scenic view of central Rome with its domes and bell towers.Other sights on the Janiculum include the church of San Pietro in Montorio, on what was formerly thought to be the site of St Peter's crucifixion; a small shrine known as the Tempietto, designed by Donato Bramante, marks the supposed site of Peter's death.
Sometime in the middle of the 3rd century, Origen of Alexandria popularized the tradition that Peter requested to be crucified upside-down. [10] At the end of the 4th century, Jerome wrote in his De Viris Illustribus ("On Illustrious Men") that the reason for this request was that Peter felt he was unworthy to die in the same manner as Jesus.