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A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. [1] Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity), [2] [3] and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; "innate T cell-like" cells involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis), of which natural killer cells are an ...
Lymphocytes are blood cells of lymphoid (rather than the myeloid or erythroid) lineage.. Immunology pioneer Elie Metchnikoff. Lymphocytes are found in the bloodstream and originate in the bone marrow, however, they principally belong to the separate lymphatic system, which interacts with the blood circulation.
White blood cells are generally larger than red blood cells. They include three main subtypes: granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. [2] All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells. [3] Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic ...
Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, and are primarily made up of B cells and T cells. [5] B cells are mainly found in the outer cortex where they are clustered together as follicular B cells in lymphoid follicles, and T cells and dendritic cells are mainly found in the paracortex. [19]
The thymus is where the T lymphocytes mature and become immunocompetent. The loss or lack of the thymus results in severe immunodeficiency and subsequent high susceptibility to infection. In most species, the thymus consists of lobules divided by septa which are made up of epithelium which is often considered an epithelial organ.
B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. [1] They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system . [ 1 ] B cells produce antibody molecules which may be either secreted or inserted into the plasma membrane where they serve as a part of B-cell receptors . [ 2 ]
At first, cells lose their ability to produce IL-2 and TNFα, which is followed by the loss of high proliferative capacity and cytotoxic potential, and eventually leads to their deletion. Exhausted T cells typically indicate higher levels of CD43 , CD69 and inhibitory receptors combined with lower expression of CD62L and CD127 .
The thymus is made up of immature T cells called thymocytes, as well as lining cells called epithelial cells which help the thymocytes develop. T cells that successfully develop react appropriately with MHC immune receptors of the body (called positive selection ) and not against proteins of the body (called negative selection ).