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Anatomical variations are mainly caused by genetics and may vary considerably between different populations. The rate of variation considerably differs between single organs, particularly in muscles. [2] Knowledge of anatomical variations is important in order to distinguish them from pathological conditions.
This article lists anatomical variations that are not deemed inherently pathological. This list is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items . ( December 2013 )
Evolutionary physiology is the study of the biological evolution of physiological structures and processes; that is, the manner in which the functional characteristics of organisms have responded to natural selection or sexual selection or changed by random genetic drift across multiple generations during the history of a population or species. [2]
Reconstruction of early Homo sapiens from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco c. 315 000 years BP. Early modern human (EMH), or anatomically modern human (AMH), [1] are terms used to distinguish Homo sapiens (sometimes Homo sapiens sapiens) that are anatomically consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans, from extinct archaic human species (of which some are at times also identified ...
In biology, evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms ' observable traits .
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. [1] [2] It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. [3]
Evolution holds that all species are related and gradually change over generations. [1] In a population, the genetic variations affect the phenotypes (physical characteristics) of an organism. These changes in the phenotypes will be an advantage to some organisms, which will then be passed on to their offspring.
A large body of molecular evidence supports a variety of mechanisms for large evolutionary changes, including: genome and gene duplication, which facilitates rapid evolution by providing substantial quantities of genetic material under weak or no selective constraints; horizontal gene transfer, the process of transferring genetic material to ...