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  2. Bode plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bode_plot

    It is usually a combination of a Bode magnitude plot, expressing the magnitude (usually in decibels) of the frequency response, and a Bode phase plot, expressing the phase shift. As originally conceived by Hendrik Wade Bode in the 1930s, the plot is an asymptotic approximation of the frequency response, using straight line segments. [1]

  3. Frequency response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_response

    Magnitude response of a low pass filter with 6 dB per octave or 20 dB per decade roll-off. Measuring the frequency response typically involves exciting the system with an input signal and measuring the resulting output signal, calculating the frequency spectra of the two signals (for example, using the fast Fourier transform for discrete signals), and comparing the spectra to isolate the ...

  4. Butterworth filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterworth_filter

    The frequency response plot from Butterworth's 1930 paper. [1] The Butterworth filter is a type of signal processing filter designed to have a frequency response that is as flat as possible in the passband. It is also referred to as a maximally flat magnitude filter.

  5. Chebyshev filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chebyshev_filter

    The calculation of K(S) relies upon the following observed equality. ... The final magnitude frequency response of the forward transfer function, | |, is shown below ...

  6. Cutoff frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutoff_frequency

    Magnitude transfer function of a bandpass filter with lower 3 dB cutoff frequency f 1 and upper 3 dB cutoff frequency f 2 Bode plot (a logarithmic frequency response plot) of any first-order low-pass filter with a normalized cutoff frequency at =1 and a unity gain (0 dB) passband.

  7. Nichols plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichols_plot

    A Nichols plot. The Nichols plot is a plot used in signal processing and control design, named after American engineer Nathaniel B. Nichols. [1] [2] [3] It plots the phase response versus the response magnitude of a transfer function for any given frequency, and as such is useful in characterizing a system's frequency response.

  8. Q factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_factor

    A second-order Butterworth filter (i.e., continuous-time filter with the flattest passband frequency response) has an underdamped Q = ⁠ 1 / √ 2 ⁠. [11] A pendulum's Q-factor is: Q = Mω/Γ, where M is the mass of the bob, ω = 2π/T is the pendulum's radian frequency of oscillation, and Γ is the frictional damping force on the pendulum ...

  9. Minimum phase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_phase

    A minimum-phase system, whether discrete-time or continuous-time, has an additional useful property that the natural logarithm of the magnitude of the frequency response (the "gain" measured in nepers, which is proportional to dB) is related to the phase angle of the frequency response (measured in radians) by the Hilbert transform.