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Group 1: Alkali metals Reaction of sodium (Na) and water Reaction of potassium (K) in water. The alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) are the most reactive metals in the periodic table - they all react vigorously or even explosively with cold water, resulting in the displacement of hydrogen.
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe ...
Sodium containing mixed oxides are promising catalysts [9] and photocatalysts. [10] Photochemically intercalated sodium ion enhances the photoelectrocatalytic activity of WO 3. [11] Like all the alkali metals, sodium reacts exothermically with water. The reaction produces caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and flammable hydrogen gas.
[114] [115] Sodium spontaneously explodes in the presence of water due to the formation of hydrogen (highly explosive) and sodium hydroxide (which dissolves in the water, liberating more surface). However, sodium exposed to air and ignited or reaching autoignition (reported to occur when a molten pool of sodium reaches about 290 °C, 554 °F ...
Sodium borohydride is an odorless white to gray-white microcrystalline powder that often forms lumps. It can be purified by recrystallization from warm (50 °C) diglyme. [10] Sodium borohydride is soluble in protic solvents such as water and lower alcohols. It also reacts with these protic solvents to produce H 2; however, these reactions are ...
The reaction between sodium hydroxide and some metals is also hazardous. Aluminium, magnesium, zinc, tin, chromium, brass and bronze all react with lye to produce hydrogen gas. Since hydrogen is flammable, mixing a large quantity of lye with aluminium could result in an explosion. Both the potassium and sodium forms are able to dissolve copper.
The ammonia from reaction (III) is recycled back to the initial brine solution of reaction (I). The sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) precipitate from reaction (I) is then converted to the final product, sodium carbonate (washing soda: Na 2 CO 3), by calcination (160–230 °C), producing water and carbon dioxide as byproducts:
The following reaction represents the general reaction between a base (B) and water to produce a conjugate acid (BH +) and a conjugate base (OH −): [3] + + + The equilibrium constant, K b, for this reaction can be found using the following general equation: [3]