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In law, fraud is an intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law or criminal law, or it may cause no loss of money, property, or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong. [1]
One may distinguish various kinds of linguistic errors [5] – some, such as aphasia or speech disorders, where the user is unable to say what they intend to, are generally considered errors, while cases where natural, intended speech is non-standard (as in vernacular dialects), are considered legitimate speech in scholarly linguistics, but ...
Edward J. Balleisen Fraud: An American History from Barnum to Madoff. ISBN 978-0691164557 (2017). Princeton University Press. Fred Cohen Frauds, Spies, and Lies – and How to Defeat Them. ISBN 1-878109-36-7 (2006). ASP Press. Green, Stuart P. Lying, Cheating, and Stealing: A Moral Theory of White Collar Crime. Oxford University Press, 2006.
Since the announcement of Pons and Fleischmann in 1989, cold fusion has been considered to be an example of a pathological science. [15] Two panels convened by the US Department of Energy, one in 1989 and a second in 2004, did not recommend a dedicated federal program for cold fusion research. [16]
About Category:Fraud and related categories: This category's scope contains articles about Fraud, which may be a contentious label The main article for this category is Fraud . Articles relating to fraud , intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right.
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A scam, or a confidence trick, is an attempt to defraud a person or group after first gaining their trust. Confidence tricks exploit victims using a combination of the victim's credulity , naivety , compassion , vanity , confidence , irresponsibility , and greed .
Aptly titled Fads, Fakes, and Frauds, in his book Dr Witkowski provides us with a series of hard hitting, highly skeptical essays on a wide range of issues of contemporary concern. These include our understanding and treatment of mental health problems, including suicide and self-harm; placebo and nocebo in medicine; the quality of scientific ...