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The VOC Solvents Emissions Directive was the main policy instrument for the reduction of industrial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the European Union. It covers a wide range of solvent-using activities, e.g. printing, surface cleaning, vehicle coating, dry cleaning and manufacture of footwear and pharmaceutical products.
Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) are a set of organic compounds that are typically photochemically reactive in the atmosphere—marked by the exclusion of methane. [1] NMVOCs include a large variety of chemically different compounds, such as benzene , ethanol , formaldehyde , cyclohexane , 1,1,1-trichloroethane and acetone . [ 2 ]
When NO x and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight, they form photochemical smog, a significant form of air pollution.The presence of photochemical smog increases during the summer when the incident solar radiation is higher.
Ground-level ozone is both naturally occurring and anthropogenically formed. It is the primary constituent of urban smog, forming naturally as a secondary pollutant through photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of bright sunshine with high temperatures. [35]
Paint and solvents give off volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as they dry. Lead paint can degenerate into dust and be inhaled. [112] [113] Intentional air pollution is introduced with the use of air fresheners, incense, and other scented items. Controlled wood fires in cook stoves and fireplaces can add significant amounts of harmful smoke ...
Its goal is to develop functional standards, and methods for air quality characterisation of emissions, ambient air, indoor air, gases in and from the ground and deposition, in particular measurement methods for air pollutants (for example particles, gases, aerosols, odours, microorganisms), meteorological parameters and methods for ...
Highly Toxic: a gas that has a LC 50 in air of 200 ppm or less. [2] NFPA 704: Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury are given a Health Hazard rating of 3. Their acute inhalation toxicity corresponds to those vapors or gases having LC 50 values greater than 1,000 ppm but less than or equal to 3,000 ppm ...
Thermal oxidizers are typically used to destroy hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial air streams. These pollutants are generally hydrocarbon based and when destroyed, via thermal combustion, they are chemically oxidized to form CO 2 and H 2 O. Three main factors in designing the effective thermal ...