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Manganese deficiency in humans results in several medical problems. [1] Manganese is a vital element of nutrition in very small quantities (adult male daily intake 2.3 milligrams). However, poisoning may occur when greater amounts are ingested.
Manganese is an essential human dietary element. It is present as a coenzyme in several biological processes, which include macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems. It is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes. [3] The human body contains about 12 mg of manganese, mostly in the bones.
Manganese is an essential human dietary element and is present as a coenzyme in several biological processes, which include macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems. Manganese is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes. [8] The human body contains about 12 mg of manganese, mostly in the bones.
The five major minerals in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium. [2] The remaining minerals are called "trace elements". The generally accepted trace elements are iron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iodine, selenium, [5] and bromine; [6] there is some evidence that there may be more.
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the principal antioxidant in mitochondria. Several enzymes activated by manganese contribute to the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and cholesterol. [54] Deficiency of manganese causes skeletal deformation in animals and inhibits the production of collagen in wound healing. [55]
Boron deficiency will often result in bud dieback. Chloride is necessary for osmosis and ionic balance; it also plays a role in photosynthesis. Copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc are cofactors essential for the functioning of many enzymes. [19]
Human nutrition deals with the provision of ... Manganese (processing of ... quantities to body function and overall human health. [114] Iron deficiency is the most ...
Increased ferroportin protein expression in human embryonic kidney cells is associated with decreased intracellular manganese concentration and attenuated cytotoxicity, characterized by the reversal of manganese-reduced glutamate uptake and diminished lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. [3]