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Old Photograph of the production process of paper with pulpwood. Paper production is the most common and main use for pulpwood. Paper can be produced from both hardwood and softwood trees, and each species for both types of trees have specific and unique properties that make the type of paper and other products produced differ.
While in theory any tree can be used for pulp-making, coniferous trees are preferred because the cellulose fibers in the pulp of these species are longer, and therefore make stronger paper. [18] Some of the most commonly used trees for paper making include softwoods such as spruce , pine , fir , larch and hemlock , and hardwoods such as ...
In North America, virgin (non-recycled) wood fibre is primarily extracted from hardwood (deciduous) trees and softwood (coniferous) trees. The wood fibre can be extracted as a primary product, or collected during the milling of lumber. [1] Wood fibres can also be recycled from used paper materials. [2]
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper. The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na 2 S), known as white ...
International Paper is the world's largest pulp and paper maker. Paper mill Mondi in Slovakia. The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood, specifically pulpwood, as raw material and produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and other cellulose-based products. Diagram showing the sections of the Fourdrinier machine
Muslims invented a method to make a thicker sheet of paper. This innovation helped transform papermaking from an art into a major industry. [9] [8] The earliest use of water-powered mills in paper production, specifically the use of pulp mills for preparing the pulp for papermaking, dates back to Samarkand in the 8th century. [10]
The production and use of paper has a number of adverse effects on the environment. Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years [clarification needed] leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests.
Stainless steels is used extensively in the pulp and paper industry [12] for two primary reasons, to avoid iron contamination of the product and their corrosion resistance to the various chemicals used in the papermaking process. [12] A wide range of stainless steels are used throughout the pulp making process.