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In contrast to enlightened self-interest is simple greed, or the concept of "unenlightened self-interest", in which it is argued that when most or all persons act according to their own myopic selfishness, the group suffers loss as a result of conflict, decreased efficiency and productivity because of lack of cooperation, and the increased expense each individual pays for the protection of ...
Legalism is a Chinese political philosophy that holds that self-interest underlies human nature and therefore human behavior. [1] It is axiomatic in Legalism that a government can not truly be staffed by upright and trustworthy men of service, because every member of the elite—like any member of society—will pursue their own interests and thus must be employed for their interests. [2]
Psychological egoism is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest and selfishness, even in what seem to be acts of altruism.It claims that, when people choose to help others, they do so ultimately because of the personal benefits that they themselves expect to obtain, directly or indirectly, from doing so.
[4] The moral censure of self-interest is a common subject of critique in egoist philosophy, with such judgments being examined as means of control and the result of power relations. Egoism may also reject that insight into one's internal motivation can arrive extrinsically, such as from psychology or sociology , [ 1 ] though, for example, this ...
Psychologists often define selfishness by drawing on evolutionary biology, economics, and philosophy. But in its simplest form, it’s focus on the self over and above (and even at the expense of ...
The book asserts that "In a society in which the narrow pursuit of material self-interest is the norm, the shift to an ethical stance is more radical than many people realize." [4] Singer attempts to show how the key for a satisfactory life resides on its purpose and how crucial for that purpose a commitment to an ethical life is.
II.2 The mean is hard to attain, and is grasped by perception, not by reasoning. [12]: II.9 Pleasure in doing virtuous acts is a sign that one has attained a virtuous disposition. [12]: II.3 Sophrosyne is the alignment of our desires with our enlightened self-interest, such that we desire to do what is best for our own flourishing.
Adam Smith with the concept of the invisible hand saw the economic system as usefully channelling selfish self-interest to wider ends. [9] John Locke, along with Adam Smith, was a key figure in early classical liberalism: [10] an ideology that champions notions of individualism and negative liberty. These core themes inevitably relate to the ...