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Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei (/ ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l eɪ oʊ ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l eɪ /, US also / ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l iː oʊ-/; Italian: [ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛːi]) or mononymously as Galileo, was an Italian [a] astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.
Galileo states that he solved the problem of the construction of a telescope the first night after his return to Padua from Venice and made his first telescope the next day by using a convex objective lens in one extremity of a leaden tube and a concave eyepiece lens in the other end, an arrangement that came to be called a Galilean telescope. [38]
Galileo Galilei was among the first to use a telescope to observe the sky, and after constructing a 20x refractor telescope. [83] He discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter in 1610, which are now collectively known as the Galilean moons, in his honor. [84] This discovery was the first known observation of satellites orbiting another planet ...
With a Galilean telescope, the observer could see magnified, upright images on the Earth—what is commonly known as a spyglass—but also it can be used to observe the sky, a key tool for further astronomical discoveries. Galileo showing the Doge of Venice how to use the telescope (fresco by Giuseppe Bertini) Ole Rømer at work; 1609 ...
Visible-light astronomy has existed as long as people have been looking up at the night sky, although it has since improved in its observational capabilities since the invention of the telescope, which is commonly credited to Hans Lippershey, a German-Dutch spectacle-maker, [1] although Galileo played a large role in the development and ...
1608 – Hans Lippershey tries to patent an optical refracting telescope, the first recorded functional telescope; 1609 – Galileo Galilei builds his first optical refracting telescope; 1616 – Niccolò Zucchi experiments with a reflecting telescope; 1633 – Construction of Leiden University Observatory
Galileo's drawings of Jupiter and its Medicean Stars from Sidereus Nuncius. Image courtesy of the History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries. In the last part of Sidereus Nuncius, Galileo reported his discovery of four objects that appeared to form a straight line of stars near Jupiter. On the first night he detected a ...
The invention of the telescope enabled the discovery of the moons in 1610. Through this, they became the first Solar System objects discovered since humans have started tracking the classical planets, and the first objects to be found to orbit any planet beyond Earth. They are planetary-mass moons and among the largest objects in the Solar System.