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Procedural knowledge (i.e., knowledge-how) is different from descriptive knowledge (i.e., knowledge-that) in that it can be directly applied to a task. [2] [4] For instance, the procedural knowledge one uses to solve problems differs from the declarative knowledge one possesses about problem solving because this knowledge is formed by doing.
The adaptive control of thought model assumes a distinction between declarative knowledge, knowledge that is conscious and consists of facts, [2] and procedural knowledge, knowledge of how an activity is done. [3] [4] In this model, skill acquisition is seen as a progression from declarative to procedural knowledge. [4]
Procedural memory is a type of ... Practice can be an effective way to learn new skills if knowledge of ... Language works because of the brain's ability to retrieve ...
This evidence conforms to Anderson's general model of cognitive skill acquisition, supports the idea that declarative knowledge can be transformed into procedural knowledge, and tends to undermine the idea of Krashen [4] that knowledge gained through language “learning” cannot be used to initiate speech production.
These two forms of knowledge have been the subject of extensive debate among linguists, language teachers, and researchers seeking to understand how best to facilitate language learning. The debate touches on how each type of knowledge is acquired, how they interact, and the degree to which explicit instruction can foster implicit knowledge.
The strong-interface position views language learning much the same as any other kind of learning. In this view, all kinds of learning follow the same sequence, from declarative knowledge (explicit knowledge about the thing to be learned), to procedural knowledge (knowledge of how the thing is done), and finally to automatization of this procedural knowledge.
Declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge: Declarative knowledge is a person's 'encyclopedic' knowledge base, whereas procedural knowledge is specific knowledge relating to performing particular tasks. The application of these cognitive paradigms to education attempts to augment a student's ability to integrate declarative knowledge into ...
Descriptive knowledge – also called declarative knowledge or propositional knowledge, it is the type of knowledge that is, by its very nature, expressed in declarative sentences or indicative propositions (e.g., "Capybaras are rodents", or "It is raining"). This is distinguished from what is commonly known as "know-how" or procedural ...