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Also, the tool must have a specific geometry, with clearance angles designed so that the cutting edge can contact the workpiece without the rest of the tool dragging on the workpiece surface. The angle of the cutting face is also important, as is the flute width , number of flutes or teeth, and margin size .
A cutting tool has one or more sharp cutting edges and is made of a harder material than the work material. The cutting edge serves to separate the chip from the parent work material. Connected to the cutting edge are the two surfaces of the tool: The rake face; and; The flank.
Originally, all tool bits were made of high carbon tool steels with the appropriate hardening and tempering.Since the introductions of high-speed steel (HSS) (early years of the 20th century), sintered carbide (1930s), ceramic and diamond cutters, those materials have gradually replaced the earlier kinds of tool steel in almost all cutting applications.
Edge Rounding, Edge rounding refers to the radius increase of cutting edge of the tool due to material removal. Edge rounding combines wear contribution from both flank face and rake face. Edge rounding is mostly found in machining of composite, i.e. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP), hybrid composite, metal-CFRP stack like CFRP-Ti stack.
A chisel is a wedged hand tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge on the end of its blade, for carving or cutting a hard material (e.g. wood, stone, or metal). The tool can be used by hand, struck with a mallet, or applied with mechanical power. [1]
Grinding is a subset of cutting, as grinding is a true metal-cutting process. Each grain of abrasive functions as a microscopic single-point cutting edge (although of high negative rake angle), and shears a tiny chip that is analogous to what would conventionally be called a "cut" chip (turning, milling, drilling, tapping, etc.) [citation needed].