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The orthogonal Procrustes problem [1] is a matrix approximation problem in linear algebra.In its classical form, one is given two matrices and and asked to find an orthogonal matrix which most closely maps to .
The matrix X is subjected to an orthogonal decomposition, e.g., the QR decomposition as follows. = , where Q is an m×m orthogonal matrix (Q T Q=I) and R is an n×n upper triangular matrix with >. The residual vector is left-multiplied by Q T.
Mathematically, linear least squares is the problem of approximately solving an overdetermined system of linear equations A x = b, where b is not an element of the column space of the matrix A. The approximate solution is realized as an exact solution to A x = b', where b' is the projection of b onto the column space of A. The best ...
This algorithm takes a finite number of steps to reach a solution and smoothly improves its candidate solution as it goes (so it can find good approximate solutions when cut off at a reasonable number of iterations), but is very slow in practice, owing largely to the computation of the pseudoinverse ((A P) T A P) −1. [1]
A common use of the pseudoinverse is to compute a "best fit" (least squares) approximate solution to a system of linear equations that lacks an exact solution (see below under § Applications). Another use is to find the minimum norm solution to a system of linear equations with multiple solutions. The pseudoinverse facilitates the statement ...
In mathematics, a collocation method is a method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations and integral equations.The idea is to choose a finite-dimensional space of candidate solutions (usually polynomials up to a certain degree) and a number of points in the domain (called collocation points), and to select that solution which satisfies the ...
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Note that when D is the identity matrix I and +, then = (+) = (/ +) (), therefore the direction of Δ approaches the direction of the negative gradient . The so-called Marquardt parameter λ {\displaystyle \lambda } may also be optimized by a line search, but this is inefficient, as the shift vector must be recalculated every time λ ...