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General Order No. 11 was a controversial Union Army order issued by Major-General Ulysses S. Grant on December 17, 1862, during the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. The order expelled all Jews from Grant's military district, comprising areas of Tennessee , Mississippi , and Kentucky .
General Order No. 11 is the title of a Union Army directive issued during the American Civil War on August 25, 1863, forcing the abandonment of rural areas in four counties in western Missouri. The order, issued by Union General Thomas Ewing, Jr. , affected all rural residents regardless of their allegiance.
On December 17, 1862, Grant issued a controversial General Order No. 11, expelling "Jews, as a class", from his military district. [156] After complaints, Lincoln rescinded the order on January 3, 1863. Grant finally ended the order on January 17. He later described issuing the order as one of his biggest regrets. [h] [160]
As a result, Grant issued his notorious General Order No. 11 on December 17, expelling all Jews who he believed were engaged in trade in his department, including their families. When protests erupted from Jews and non-Jews alike, President Lincoln rescinded the order on January 4, 1863; however, the episode tarnished Grant's reputation.
Protecting Grant, Congress passed the Command of the Army Act, attached to an army appropriation bill, preventing his removal or relocation, and forcing Johnson to pass orders through Grant, the general in chief. [31] Republicans gained majorities in all 11 states, and African Americans were elected to Congress and high state offices. [32]
General Order No. 11 may refer to: General Order No. 11 (1862) , General Ulysses S. Grant's order during the American Civil War that all Jews in his district be expelled. General Order No. 11 (1863) , Brigadier General Ewing's order that civilians living in several counties of Missouri be expelled and their lands burned.
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In his General Order No. 11, dated May 5, 1868, first GAR Commander-in-Chief, General John A. Logan declared May 30 to be Memorial Day (also referred to for many years as "Decoration Day"), calling upon the GAR membership to make the May 30 observance an annual occurrence. Although not the first time war graves had been decorated, Logan's order ...