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Concert pitch is the pitch reference to which a group of musical instruments are tuned for a performance. Concert pitch may vary from ensemble to ensemble, and has varied widely over time. The ISO defines international standard pitch as A440 , setting 440 Hz as the frequency of the A above middle C .
The note written as C sounds as the note of the instrument's transposition: on an E ♭ alto saxophone, that note sounds as a concert E ♭, while on an A clarinet, that note sounds as a concert A. The bassoon is an exception—it is not a transposing instrument despite its "home" scale being F.
Tuba in E-flat (written at concert pitch when using the bass clef, only transposing when written in treble clef) Circular altohorn (Koenig horn) pitched in E ♭ Tenor cornet; Mellophone; Alto trombone; Vocal horn (cornet with an upward-facing bell) Duplex horn (Gemelli) pitched in E ♭ Tenor horn (with a forward-facing bell)
Sometimes referred to as the tenor clarinet in Europe, the alto clarinet is used in military and concert bands and occasionally, if rarely, in orchestras. [117] [118] [119] The alto clarinet in F was used in military bands during the early 19th century and was a favorite instrument of Iwan Müller. It fell out of use and, if called for, is ...
The contra-alto clarinet [2] is largely a development of the 2nd half of the 20th century, although there were some precursors in the 19th century: . In 1829, Johann Heinrich Gottlieb Streitwolf [], an instrument maker in Göttingen, introduced an instrument tuned in F in the shape and fingering of a basset horn, which could be called a contrabasset horn because it played an octave lower than it.
Many transposing instruments are pitched in B-flat major, including the clarinet, trumpet, tenor saxophone, and soprano saxophone. As a result, B-flat major is one of the most popular keys for concert band compositions.
The clarinet family is a woodwind instrument family of various sizes and types of clarinets, including the common soprano clarinet in B♭ and A, bass clarinet, and sopranino E♭ clarinet. Clarinets that aren't the standard B♭ or A clarinets are sometimes known as harmony clarinets.
The clarinet soloist enters with a high F (E-flat in terms of concert pitch) followed by a 3 octave jump before repeating the opening theme. This 3 octave jump, along with other large leaps, is stylistic of this movement.