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In the United States, planks can be any length and are generally a minimum of 2×8 (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 7 + 1 ⁄ 4 in or 38 mm × 184 mm), but planks that are 2×10 (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 9 + 1 ⁄ 4 in or 38 mm × 235 mm) and 2×12 (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 11 + 1 ⁄ 4 in or 38 mm × 286 mm) are more commonly stocked by lumber retailers.
Re-sawing is the splitting of 1-to-12-inch (25–305 mm) hardwood or softwood lumber into two or more thinner pieces of full-length boards. For example, splitting a 10-foot-long (3.0 m) 2×4 ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 by 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in or 38 by 89 mm) into two 1×4s ( 3 ⁄ 4 by 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in or 19 by 89 mm) of the same length is considered re-sawing.
Bolts are the pieces of a log which has been bucked into specific lengths which are less than 8 feet (2.4 m), [6] especially short lengths. The etymology of bolt is related to being short and stout and related to knock , and strike possibly because bolts were traditionally split into wood shingles, treenails , clapboards , etc.
The beams are continuously formed, so the length of the beam is limited only to the maximum length that can be handled and transported. Typical widths are 3 + 1 ⁄ 2, 5 + 1 ⁄ 4 or 7 inches (89, 133 or 178 mm); typical depths are 9 + 1 ⁄ 2, 11 + 7 ⁄ 8, 14, 16 and 18 inches (240, 300, 360, 410 and 460 mm). Typically the beams are made to a ...
Engineered lumber can be cut to length and installed much like sawn lumber; the flitch requires shop fabrication and/or field bolting. This, coupled with a much increased self-weight of the beam (11.4 pounds (5.2 kg) for engineered wood vs. 25.2 pounds (11.4 kg) for a flitch beam), decreases the viability of the system.
Wood is relatively light in weight, because its specific weight is less than 500 kg/m 3, this is an advantage, when compared against 2,000–2,500 kg/m 3 for reinforced concrete or 7,800 kg/m 3 for steel. [citation needed] Wood is strong, because the efficiency of wood for structural purposes has qualities that are similar to steel. [citation ...
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood product that uses multiple layers of thin wood assembled with adhesives. It is typically used for headers , beams , rimboard , and edge-forming material.
There are design specifications for sawn lumber, glulam members, prefabricated I-joists, composite lumber, and various connection types. In the United States, structural frames are then designed according to the Allowable Stress Design method or the Load Reduced Factor Design method (the latter being preferred).