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Fire-retardant materials should not be confused with fire-resistant materials. A fire resistant material is one which is designed to resist burning and withstand heat . An example of a fire-resistant material is one which is used in bunker gear worn by firefighters to protect them from the flames of a burning building.
Fire-safe polymers also find application as adhesives in aerospace materials, [3] insulation for electronics, [3] and in military materials such as canvas tenting. [ 4 ] Some fire-safe polymers naturally exhibit an intrinsic resistance to decomposition , while others are synthesized by incorporating fire-resistant additives and fillers.
Solid fuels require more destructive methods to extract/burn and often have higher carbon, nitrate and sulphate emissions. With the exception of sustainable wood/biomass solid fuel is normally considered non-renewable as it requires thousands of years to form. [3] Solid fuels are composed of organic materials and can contribute to poor air quality.
The fireplace mantel or mantelpiece, also known as a chimneypiece, originated in medieval times as a hood that projected over a fire grate to catch the smoke. The term has evolved to include the decorative framework around the fireplace , and can include elaborate designs extending to the ceiling.
In the making of firebrick, fire clay is fired in the kiln until it is partly vitrified.For special purposes, the brick may also be glazed. There are two standard sizes of fire brick: 9 in × 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 3 in (229 mm × 114 mm × 76 mm) and 9 in × 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (229 mm × 114 mm × 64 mm). [2]
It was smaller, more brightly lit, with an emphasis on the quality of the materials used in their construction, instead of their size. By the 1800s, most new fireplaces were made up of two parts, the surround and the insert. The surround consisted of the mantelpiece and side supports, usually in wood, marble or granite.