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A substitute check (also called an Image Replacement Document or IRD) [1] is a negotiable instrument that is a digital reproduction of an original paper check. As a negotiable payment instrument in the United States, a substitute check maintains the status of a "legal check" in lieu of the original paper check.
[clarification needed] The law applicable to the specific instrument will determine whether it is a negotiable instrument or a non-negotiable instrument. Bank notes are frequently referred to as promissory notes, a promissory note made by a bank and payable to bearer on demand.
list), or may suspend the check-writer's privileges until the check-writer has made good on the debt. The recipient may also choose to report the writer to a database service. This may lead to other merchants in the future refusing to accept checks from the writer or a joint account holder, or the writer having trouble obtaining a checking ...
The Check 21 Act took effect one year later on October 28, 2004. The law allows the recipient of a paper check to create a digital version of the original, a process known as check truncation, into an electronic format called a "substitute check", thereby eliminating the need for further handling of the physical document. The recipient bank no ...
Negotiable instruments [2] A noncash item is a special kind of collection item. Noncash items include checks which carry special instructions, checks drawing on funds in foreign banks, and bankers' acceptances. [5] In the United States, fees are generally imposed on collection items due to the special handling which they require. [2]
The court first noted that the principle that "[a] promissory note, negotiable in form, is not necessarily the equivalent of cash" remains true. [11] But that principle also has a true inverse—that a non- negotiable instrument can be a cash equivalent if the following factors are met. [ 11 ]
A substitute check or cheque, also called an image cash letter (ICL), clearing replacement document (CRD), [1] or image replacement document (IRD), [2] is a negotiable instrument used in electronic banking systems to represent a physical paper cheque (check).
A bearer check is payable to anyone who is in possession of the document: this would be the case if the cheque does not name a payee, or is payable to "bearer" or to "cash" or "to the order of cash", or if the cheque is payable to someone who is not a person or legal entity, for example if the payee line is marked "Happy Birthday".