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Losartan, sold under the brand name Cozaar among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). [4] It is in the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) family of medication, and is considered protective of the kidneys.
Serious side effects may include low blood pressure, kidney problems, allergic reactions, and electrolyte problems. [1] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. [3] Losartan works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II while hydrochlorothiazide works by decreasing the ability of the kidneys to absorb electrolytes. [1]
Losartan, the first ARB. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1) antagonists, [1] also known as angiotensin receptor blockers, [2] [3] angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or AT 1 receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceuticals that bind to and inhibit the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1) and thereby block the arteriolar contraction and ...
Losartan, valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan, telmisartan and olmesartan all contain a biphenyl-methyl group. Losartan is partly metabolized to its 5-carboxylic acid metabolite EXP 3174, which is a more potent AT 1 receptor antagonist than its parent compound [17] and has been a model for the continuing development of several other ARBs. [1]
Common side effects include headache, dizziness, feeling tired, cough, nausea, and rash. [7] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure, liver problems, hyperkalemia (high blood potassium), and angioedema. [7] Use is not recommended during the entire duration of pregnancy as it may harm the baby. [7]
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Despite this, absolute bioavailability is relatively poor at 15% (candesartan cilexetil tablets) to 40% (candesartan cilexetil solution). Its IC 50 is 15 μg/kg. Candesartan is not administered in its active form because the administration of the pro-drug would require greater doses and has an unfavorable adverse event profile.
Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up. [4] Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine. [4]