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Monthly estimated potential evapotranspiration and measured pan evaporation for two locations in Hawaii, Hilo and Pahala. Potential evapotranspiration is usually measured indirectly, from other climatic factors, but also depends on the surface type, such as free water (for lakes and oceans), the soil type for bare soil, and also the density and diversity of vegetation.
Potential evapotranspiration is expressed in terms of a depth of water or soil moisture percentage. If the actual evapotranspiration is considered the net result of atmospheric demand for moisture from a surface and the ability of the surface to supply moisture, then PET is a measure of the demand side (also called evaporative demand).
Evapotranspiration contributions are significant in a watershed's water balance, yet are often not emphasized in results because the precision of this component is often weak relative to more directly measured phenomena, e.g., rain and stream flow.
Specifically the Penman–Monteith equation refines weather based potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimates of vegetated land areas. [1] It is widely regarded as one of the most accurate models, in terms of estimates. [citation needed] The original equation was developed by Howard Penman at the Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, UK.
Inputs to SPEI datasets can include high-resolution potential evapotranspiration (PET) from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) and hourly Potential Evapotranspiration (hPET). GLEAM is a set of algorithms designed to calculate actual evaporation, PET, evaporative stress, and root-zone soil moisture. [5]
Third, the actual Evapotranspiration (ETPa) is calculated, first by using an external model (such as Penman-Montieth) for finding the potential ETP and then fitting the result to the temperatures and the permanent wilting point(PWP) of the catchment in question. A parameter C which reflects the increase in the ETP with the differences in ...
After being criticized for making climatic classification complex, Thornthwaite switched vegetation with the concept of potential evapotranspiration (PET), which represents both precipitation effectiveness and thermal efficiency. [5] Estimated PET can be calculated using Thornthwaite's own 1948 equation. [2]
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