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A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. [1] They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. [2]
One region contained larger and more luminous stars of spectral types A to M and received the name giant. [1] Subsequently, as they lacked any measurable parallax, it became apparent that some of these stars were significantly larger and more luminous than the bulk, and the term super-giant arose, quickly adopted as supergiant. [2] [3] [4]
Asymptotic-giant-branch stars range from similar luminosities as the brighter stars of the red-giant branch, up to several times more luminous at the end of the thermal pulsing phase. Among the asymptotic-giant-branch stars belong the carbon stars of type C-N and late C-R, produced when carbon and other elements are convected to the surface in ...
These stars are only 5–10 times the radius of the Sun (R ☉), compared to red giants which are up to 300 R ☉. The coolest and least luminous stars referred to as blue giants are on the horizontal branch, intermediate-mass stars that have passed through a red giant phase and are now burning helium in their cores.
Rare ultramassive stars that exceed this limit – for example in the R136 star cluster – might be explained by the following proposal: Some of the pairs of massive stars in close orbit in young, unstable multiple-star systems must, on rare occasions, collide and merge when certain unusual circumstances hold that make a collision possible. [3]
Now, using the most detailed images of a distant star ever captured, scientists have confirmed existing theories about giant stars in the late stages of their life. The results were published in ...
But stars around eight times the mass of the sun or larger do after exhausting their fuel. Boom.In the colossal Pinwheel galaxy, 25 million light-years away, a star has just exploded and is even ...
A hypergiant (luminosity class 0 or Ia +) is a very rare type of star that has an extremely high luminosity, mass, size and mass loss because of its extreme stellar winds.The term hypergiant is defined as luminosity class 0 (zero) in the MKK system.