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List of some addition polymers and their uses Polymer Abbreviation Properties Uses Low-density polyethylene: LDPE: Chemically inert, flexible, insulator: Squeeze bottles, toys, flexible pipes, insulation cover (electric wires), six-pack rings, etc. High-density polyethylene: HDPE: Inert, thermally stable, tough and high tensile strength
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
When Kevlar is spun, the resulting fiber has a tensile strength of about 3,620 MPa (525,000 psi), [23] and a relative density of 1.44 (0.052 lb/in 3). The polymer owes its high strength to the many inter-chain bonds. These inter-molecular hydrogen bonds form between the carbonyl groups and NH centers.
It is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio or strength-to-mass ratio. In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength. The SI unit for specific strength is Pa ⋅ m 3 / kg , or N ⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m 2 /s 2 , though the latter form is rarely used.
HDPE is known for its high strength-to-density ratio. [4] The density of HDPE ranges from 930 to 970 kg/m 3. [5] Although the density of HDPE is only marginally higher than that of low-density polyethylene, HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength (38 MPa versus 21 MPa) than LDPE. [6]
The tensile strength of a material quantifies how much elongating stress the material will endure before failure. [49] [50] This is very important in applications that rely upon a polymer's physical strength or durability. For example, a rubber band with a higher tensile strength will hold a greater weight before snapping.
High-strength steels have comparable yield strengths, and low-carbon steels have yield strengths much lower (around 0.5 GPa (73,000 psi)). Since steel has a specific gravity of roughly 7.8, these materials have a strength-to-weight ratios eight times that of high-strength steels.
This synthetic polymer material was invented and developed by SRI International in the 1980s and manufactured by Toyobo. [2] In generic usage, the fiber is referred to as PBO. [3] Zylon has 5.8 GPa of tensile strength, [4] which is 1.6 times that of Kevlar. Additionally, Zylon has a high Young's modulus of 270 GPa, meaning that it is stiffer ...