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Plastoquinone (PQ) is a terpenoid-quinone (meroterpenoid) molecule involved in the electron transport chain in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The most common form of plastoquinone, known as PQ-A or PQ-9, is a 2,3-dimethyl-1,4- benzoquinone molecule with a side chain of nine isoprenyl units.
The electrons are transferred to plastoquinone and two protons, generating plastoquinol, which released into the membrane as a mobile electron carrier. This is the second core process in photosynthesis. The initial stages occur within picoseconds, with an efficiency of 100%. The seemingly impossible efficiency is due to the precise positioning ...
Ubiquinone-10 is a naturally occurring 1,4-benzoquinone involved in respiration apparatus. Plastoquinone is a redox relay involved in photosynthesis. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is another biological redox cofactor. Ubiquinones, as their name implies, are ubiquitous in living creatures, being components of respiratory apparatus.
Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 / ˌ k oʊ k j uː ˈ t ɛ n /), also known as ubiquinone, is a naturally occurring biochemical cofactor (coenzyme) and an antioxidant produced by the human body. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It can also be obtained from dietary sources, such as meat, fish, seed oils, vegetables, and dietary supplements .
The oxidase catalyzes the transfer of four electrons from reduced plastoquinone to molecular oxygen to form water. The net reaction is written below: 2 QH 2 + O 2 → 2 Q + 2 H 2 O Analysis of substrate specificity revealed that the enzyme almost exclusively catalyzes the reduction of plastoquinone over other quinones such as ubiquinone and ...
Ubiquinone (Q), in turn, binds the Q i site of complex III. Ubiquinol is divergently oxidized (gives up one electron each) to the Rieske iron-sulfur '(FeS) protein' and to the b L heme. This oxidation reaction produces a transient semiquinone before complete oxidation to ubiquinone, which then leaves the Q o site of complex III.
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In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor.