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Of the African cichlids, the West African or Lake Tanganyika cichlids are the most basal. [71] [76] Cichlids' common ancestor is believed to have been a spit-spawning species. [77] Both Madagascar and Indian cichlids retain this feature. However, of the African cichlids, all extant substrate brooding species originate solely from Lake Tanganyika.
Tropheus moorii (blunthead cichlid) is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika in Africa. Over 40 different color morphs of this species are dispersed throughout the lake, ranging from dark green to flame red and yellow. They mostly feed on filamentous algae on the rocky shallows they inhabit. [2]
The African jewelfish needs slightly acidic water (generally pH 6.0–7.8) and warm water (72–82 °F or 22–28 °C) in order to thrive in captivity. [3] Because of the aggressive territorial behavior, it is often recommended keeping the species alone, but in large aquariums they can be kept with Congo tetras, Synodontis catfish and other robust species. [3]
New specimens may exhibit a reluctance to eat, and can be most effectively tempted with live food. [5] In the home aquarium they should be fed according to the same nutritional principles as other African Cichlids. Namely: Tubifex worms should never be offered, as they can cause fatal systemic bacterial diseases. [5]
Paratilapia polleni is a medium-sized cichlid endemic to Madagascar.It is also a popular fish for display at public aquaria. [2] [3]It is sometimes referred to by the common names starry-night cichlid, polleni cichlid, and black diamond cichlid, while marakely (black fish) is one of its native names.
Mature male electric yellow cichlid. The electric yellow cichlid is a popular freshwater aquarium fish. It is a naturally occurring variant of Labidochromis caeruleus endemic to the central western coastal region of Nkhata Bay in Lake Malawi in East Africa. It is the most popular African cichlid amongst aquarium hobbyists. [1]
Cichlids' distinctive pharyngeal teeth, in the throat of the fish, are present in shell dwellers, though small. Armed with those and the usual teeth along with the typical dissolving qualities of water shell dwellers can eat a variety of foods in the wild and in captivity.
Copadichromis borleyi is a species of haplochromine cichlid fish endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. [3] The species is popular in the fishkeeping hobby where it is frequently kept in aquariums. [4] [5] The species has numerous common names, including redfin and goldfin hap. [3] [5]