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Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails is the practice of throwing a coin in the air and checking which side is showing when it lands, in order to randomly choose between two alternatives. It is a form of sortition which inherently has two possible outcomes.
Penney's game, named after its inventor Walter Penney, is a binary (head/tail) sequence generating game between two players. Player A selects a sequence of heads and tails (of length 3 or larger), and shows this sequence to player B. Player B then selects another sequence of heads and tails of the same length.
If one penny is heads and the other tails, Odd wins and keeps both coins. Matching pennies is a non-cooperative game studied in game theory. It is played between two players, Even and Odd. Each player has a penny and must secretly turn the penny to heads or tails. The players then reveal their choices simultaneously.
Spinner spins a pair of heads before a pair of tails or odding out. Single Tail 3.125% 1–1 Spinner spins a pair of tails before a pair of heads or odding out. 5 Odds 9.375% 28–1 Spinner spins five odds in a row ("odding out") before either a pair of heads or a pair of tails. Spinner's Bet 3.400% 15–2 Only available to the current spinner.
The symbols H and T represent more generalised variables expressing the numbers of heads and tails respectively that might have been observed in the experiment. Thus N = H + T = h + t. Next, let r be the actual probability of obtaining heads in a single toss of the coin. This is the property of the coin which is being investigated.
If a fair coin is flipped 21 times, the probability of 21 heads is 1 in 2,097,152. The probability of flipping a head after having already flipped 20 heads in a row is 1 / 2 . Assuming a fair coin: The probability of 20 heads, then 1 tail is 0.5 20 × 0.5 = 0.5 21; The probability of 20 heads, then 1 head is 0.5 20 × 0.5 = 0.5 21
The outer coin makes two rotations rolling once around the inner coin. The path of a single point on the edge of the moving coin is a cardioid.. The coin rotation paradox is the counter-intuitive math problem that, when one coin is rolled around the rim of another coin of equal size, the moving coin completes not one but two full rotations after going all the way around the stationary coin ...
The first time heads appears, the game ends and the player wins whatever is the current stake. Thus the player wins 2 dollars if heads appears on the first toss, 4 dollars if tails appears on the first toss and heads on the second, 8 dollars if tails appears on the first two tosses and heads on the third, and so on.