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The Kingdom of Kush (/ k ʊ ʃ, k ʌ ʃ /; Egyptian: 𓎡𓄿𓈙𓈉 kꜣš, Assyrian: Kûsi, in LXX Χους or Αἰθιοπία; Coptic: ⲉϭⲱϣ Ecōš; Hebrew: כּוּשׁ Kūš), also known as the Kushite Empire, or simply Kush, was an ancient kingdom in Nubia, centered along the Nile Valley in what is now northern Sudan and southern Egypt.
The bow and arrow was a primary feature in Kerman militaries, with evidence of an elite warrior class possessing bronze weaponry modeled after Egyptian examples. [4] The Kingdom of Kush , which succeeded Kerma, enhanced military organization and logistics in Nubia, emerging as a formidable threat to Egypt. [ 5 ]
While Kashta ruled Nubia from Napata, which is 400 km north of Khartoum, the modern capital of Sudan, he also exercised a strong degree of control over Upper Egypt by managing to install his daughter, Amenirdis I, as the presumptive God's Wife of Amun in Thebes in line to succeed the serving Divine Adoratrice of Amun, Shepenupet I, Osorkon III's daughter.
Kushite rulers also redirected their attention to protecting their borders from invaders. In 319 BC, Ptolemy I dispatched an army to attack Kush. [4] In the 270s BC, Ptolemy II invaded Nubia and defeated the Kingdom of Kush, gaining access to Kushite territory and the control of lucrative gold deposits in a region known as Dodekasoinos. [22]
The Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXV, alternatively 25th Dynasty or Dynasty 25), also known as the Nubian Dynasty, the Kushite Empire, the Black Pharaohs, [2] [3] or the Napatans, after their capital Napata, [4] was the last dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt that occurred after the Kushite invasion.
During this period, the region was ruled by a viceroy who reported directly to the Egyptian Pharaoh. Initially the position was titled “King’s Son of the Southern Countries” and “King’s Son, Overseer of the Southern Foreign Countries” but by the reign of Thutmose IV the title “King’s Son of Kush” appears and becomes standard. [1]
The pitati archer force were mercenaries from the southern Egyptian "land of Kush" (named Kaša, or Kaši in the letters). The first use of Nubian mercenaries was by Weni of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, about 2300 BC. A group of Egyptian soldiers and Nubian mercenaries holding axes, bows, and quivers of arrows.
Taharqa, also spelled Taharka or Taharqo (Ancient Egyptian: 𓇿𓉔𓃭𓈎, romanized: tꜣhrwq, Akkadian: Tar-qu-ú, Hebrew: תִּרְהָקָה, romanized: Tīrhāqā, Manetho's Tarakos, Strabo's Tearco), was a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt and qore (king) of the Kingdom of Kush (present day Sudan) from 690 to 664 BC.