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Madura, [a] is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java.The island comprises an area of approximately 4,436.77 square kilometres (1,713.05 sq mi) (administratively 5,374.17 square kilometres (2,074.98 sq mi) including various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are administratively part of Madura's easternmost Sumenep Regency).
The State of Madura (Indonesian: Negara Madura; Madurese: Naghârâ Madhurâ) was a federal state (naghârâ bâgiyân) formed on the Indonesian island of Madura by the Netherlands in 1948 as part of an attempt to reestablish the colony of the Dutch East Indies during the Indonesian National Revolution.
Madurese (mUH-dOO-rUH; Madurese: أَوريڠ مادْوراْ, romanized: oréng Mâdhurâ; Javanese: ꦠꦾꦁ ꦩꦼꦝꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀, romanized: tyang Mêdhuntên) [2] is a Austronesian ethnic groups native to the Indonesian island of Madura in Java Sea, off the northeastern coast of Java.
A third group is the Madurese, who inhabit the island of Madura off the northeast coast of Java, and have immigrated to East Java in large numbers since the 18th century. [68] The Javanese comprise about two-thirds of the island's population, while the Sundanese and Madurese account for 38% and 10% respectively. [68]
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The Javanese are concentrated on the island of Java but millions have migrated to other islands throughout the archipelago. [12] The Sundanese, Malay, Batak, and Madurese are the next largest groups in the country. [12] Many ethnic groups, particularly in Kalimantan and the province of Papua, have only hundreds of members.
Madoera Residency (Dutch: Residentie Madoera) was an administrative subdivision of the Dutch East Indies located on the island of Madura and with its capital at Pamekasan. [1] [2] It also included some smaller islands off Madura such as the Kangean Islands and Sapudi Islands. [1]
The treaty was the main result of the Third Javanese War of Succession in 1749–57. Pakubuwono II, king of Mataram, had backed a Chinese rebellion against the Dutch. In 1743, in payment for his restoration to power, the King ceded the north coast of Java and Madura to the Dutch East India Company.