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A direct method of accessing and destroying tumour cells can be accomplished by photothermal cancer therapy or photodynamic therapy (PDT). This procedure is known to treat small tumours that are difficult to access and avoids the drawbacks (adverse effects) of conventional methods, including the unnecessary destruction of healthy tissues. [7]
Fine-tuning nanoparticle properties for effective drug delivery involves addressing the following factors. The surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles can be altered to allow for more ligand binding to the surface. [4] Increasing ligand binding efficiency can decrease dosage and minimize nanoparticle toxicity.
Colloidal gold is a sol or colloidal suspension of nanoparticles of gold in a fluid, usually water. [1] The colloid is coloured usually either wine red (for spherical particles less than 100 nm ) or blue-purple (for larger spherical particles or nanorods ). [ 2 ]
Nanoparticle delivery through the BBB can be increased by introducing peptide conjugates to improve permeability to the central nervous system. For instance, recent studies have shown an improvement in gold nanoparticle delivery efficiency by conjugating a peptide that binds to the transferrin receptors expressed in brain endothelial cells. [12]
The most common methods for nanoparticle synthesis fall under the category of wet chemistry, or the nucleation of particles within a solution. This nucleation occurs when a silver ion complex, usually AgNO 3 or AgClO 4, is reduced to colloidal Ag in the presence of a reducing agent. When the concentration increases enough, dissolved metallic ...
When the blood vessels form so rapidly, large fenestrae result that are 100 to 600 nanometers in size, which allows enhanced nanoparticle entry. Further, the poor lymphatic drainage means that the large influx of nanoparticles are rarely leaving, thus, the tumor retains more nanoparticles for successful treatment to take place. [8]
Nanoparticles of natural polymers such as chitosan are commonly used adjuvants in modern vaccine formulations. [64] Ceria nanoparticles appear very promising for both enhancing vaccine responses and mitigating inflammation, as their adjuvanticity can be adjusted by modifying parameters such as size, crystallinity, surface state, and ...
A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Some definitions specify that the particles must be dispersed in a liquid, [1] while others extend the definition to include substances like aerosols and gels.