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The English passive voice typically involves forms of the verbs to be or to get followed by a passive participle as the subject complement—sometimes referred to as a passive verb. [1] English allows a number of additional passive constructions that are not possible in many other languages with analogous passive formations to the above.
A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages. [1] In a clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the theme or patient of the main verb – that is, the person or thing that undergoes the action or has its state changed. [2]
The usual passive voice is the se pasiva, in which the verb is conjugated in the active voice, but preceded by the se particle: La puerta se abre. La puerta se cierra. Estar is used to form what might be termed a static passive voice (not regarded as a passive voice in traditional Spanish grammar; it describes a state that is the result of an ...
The passive voice in English is normally expressed with a form of the copula verb be (or sometimes get) together with the past participle of the main verb. In this context be is not a stative verb, so it may occur in progressive forms.
As the passive is a secondary formation (based on a different stem with middle endings), all deponent verbs take middle-voice forms, such as सच॑ते sác-ate. Traditional grammar distinguishes three classes of verbs: parasmaipadinaḥ (having active forms only), ātmanepadinaḥ (having middle forms only) and ubhayapadinaḥ (having ...
These can be either passive or non-passive in meaning. When the meaning of such a verb is not passive, it is known as a "middle voice" verb. Middle voice verbs are usually intransitive, but can also be transitive. Often the middle endings make a transitive verb intransitive: παύομαι (paúomai) "I stop (intransitive)"
The passive voice is formed using the verb be (in the appropriate tense or form) with the past participle of the verb in question: cars are driven, he was killed, I am being tickled, it is nice to be pampered, etc. The performer of the action may be introduced in a prepositional phrase with by (as in they were killed by the invaders).
In a passive-type construction after certain verbs, with a gap in object or complement position, understood to be filled by the subject of the main clause (see English passive voice § Additional passive constructions): That floor wants/needs scrubbing. It doesn't bear thinking about. As complement of certain prepositions: