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This method is an acid heap leaching method like that of the copper method in that it utilises sulfuric acid instead of cyanide solution to dissolve the target minerals from crushed ore. The amount of sulfuric acid required is much higher than for copper ores, as high as 1,000 kg of acid per tonne of ore, but 500 kg is more common.
It is treated with an organic solvent and an organic chelators. The chelators bind the copper ions (and no other ions, ideally), the resulting complexes dissolve in the organic phase. This organic solvent is evaporated, leaving a residue of the copper complexes. The copper ions are liberated from the residue with sulfuric acid.
Azurite has the formula Cu 3 (CO 3) 2 (OH) 2, with the copper(II) cations linked to two different anions, carbonate and hydroxide. It is one of two relatively common basic copper(II) carbonate minerals, the other being bright green malachite. Aurichalcite is a rare basic carbonate of copper and zinc. [8]
For example, tin-lead solder [5] attaches very well to copper metal, but poorly to its oxides, which form quickly at soldering temperatures. By preventing the formation of metal oxides, flux enables the solder to adhere to the clean metal surface, rather than forming beads, as it would on an oxidized surface.
Basic copper carbonate is a chemical compound, more properly called copper(II) carbonate hydroxide. It can be classified as a coordination polymer or a salt. It consists of copper(II) bonded to carbonate and hydroxide with formula Cu 2 (CO 3)(OH) 2. It is a green solid that occurs in nature as the mineral malachite.
Copper(I) oxide or cuprous oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Cu 2 O. It is one of the principal oxides of copper , the other being copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide (CuO).The compound can appear either yellow or red, depending on the size of the particles. [ 2 ]
Copper(II) carbonate or cupric carbonate is a chemical compound with formula CuCO 3. At ambient temperatures, it is an ionic solid (a salt) consisting of copper(II) cations Cu 2+ and carbonate anions CO 2− 3. This compound is rarely encountered because it is difficult to prepare [2] and readily reacts with water moisture from the air.
The copper metal is then recovered by using scrap iron: Fe 0 + Cu 2+ → Cu 0 + Fe 2+ Using Bacteria such as A. ferrooxidans to leach copper from mine tailings has improved recovery rates and reduced operating costs. Moreover, it permits extraction from low grade ores – an important consideration in the face of the depletion of high grade ores.