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In the elderly, long-term benzodiazepine therapy is a risk factor for amplifying cognitive decline, [29] although gradual withdrawal is associated with improved cognitive status. [30] A study of alprazolam found that 8 weeks administration of alprazolam resulted in deficits that were detectable after several weeks but not after 3.5 years. [31]
Xanax 0.25 mg. (top row), 0.5 mg. (middle row), and 1 mg. (bottom row) tablets. The maximum recommended daily dose is 10 milligrams per day. [9] Overdoses of alprazolam can be mild to severe depending on the quantity ingested and if other drugs are taken in combination. [65] Alprazolam overdoses cause excess central nervous system (CNS ...
IC 50 / pIC 50 values represent binding affinity only and do not reflect efficacy or pharmacokinetics, and some compounds listed are GABA A antagonists rather than agonists (e.g. flumazenil). Low IC 50 or high pIC 50 values indicate tighter binding (pIC 50 of 8.0 = IC 50 of 10nM, pIC 50 of 9.0 = IC 50 of 1nM, etc.)
[48] [49] However, they worsen sleep quality by increasing light sleep and decreasing deep sleep. Other drawbacks of hypnotics, including benzodiazepines, are possible tolerance to their effects, rebound insomnia , and reduced slow-wave sleep and a withdrawal period typified by rebound insomnia and a prolonged period of anxiety and agitation.
Improvements in sleep were seen at the 24- and 52-week follow-ups. The authors concluded benzodiazepines were not effective in the long term for sleep problems except in suppressing withdrawal-related rebound insomnia. Improvements were seen between 24 and 52 weeks after withdrawal in many factors, including improved sleep and several cognitive ...
Chemical structure of alprazolam, a common triazolobenzodiazepine. Triazolobenzodiazepines (TBZD) are a class of benzodiazepine (BZD) derivative pharmaceutical drugs. Chemically, they differ from other benzodiazepines by having an additional triazole ring fused to the diazepine ring. The triazole and diazepine rings share a nitrogen atom.
As an adjunctive therapy in epilepsy, it is used in patients who have not responded to first-line drugs and in children who are refractory to first-line drugs. It is unclear if there are any benefits to clobazam over other seizure medications for children with Rolandic epilepsy or other epileptic syndromes. [ 7 ]
Clonazolam's effects are similar to other benzodiazepines, such as anxiolysis, disinhibition, lethargy, muscle relaxation, and euphoria. [2] [8] While no dose of clonazolam is considered "safe" due to its lack of research and extreme potency, doses higher than 0.5 mg can cause benzodiazepine overdose in some individuals.