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Burton Nathan Raffel (April 27, 1928 – September 29, 2015) was an American writer, translator, poet and professor. He is best known for his vigorous [ 1 ] translation of Beowulf , still widely used in universities, colleges and high schools.
Burton Raffel writes in his essay "On Translating Beowulf " that the poet-translator "needs to master the original in order to leave it", meaning that the text must be thoroughly understood, and then boldly departed from. His own effort to do this created what Marijane Osborn calls "the liveliest translation of Beowulf".
This is a list of translations of Beowulf, one of the best-known Old English heroic epic poems. Beowulf has been translated many times in verse and in prose. By 2020, the Beowulf's Afterlives Bibliographic Database listed some 688 translations and other versions of the poem, from Thorkelin's 1787 transcription of the text, and in at least 38 languages.
Hugh Magennis's 2011 Translating Beowulf: Modern Versions in English Verse discusses the challenges and history of translating the poem, [97] [108] as well as the question of how to approach its poetry, [109] and discusses several post-1950 verse translations, [110] paying special attention to those of Edwin Morgan, [111] Burton Raffel, [112 ...
Beowulf: A New Verse Translation (also known as Heaneywulf [1]) is a verse translation of the Old English epic poem Beowulf into modern English by the Irish poet and playwright Seamus Heaney. It was published in 1999 by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux and Faber and Faber , and won that year's Whitbread Book of the Year Award .
Hrunting was a sword given to Beowulf by Unferth in the ancient Old English epic poem Beowulf. Beowulf used it in battle against Grendel's mother. Beowulf is described receiving the sword in lines 1455–1458:
Grendel's Cave was an online Beowulf resource that goes beyond the written text by allowing players to participate in the story. [1] Scholars consider it a modern adaptation of the original Beowulf poem. [2] Glenco McGraw-Hill uses the site as part of their Study Guide for Beowulf. [3]
The name Wealhtheow is unique to Beowulf.Like most Old English names, the name Wealhtheow is transparently recognisable as a compound of two nouns drawn from everyday vocabulary, in this case wealh (which in early Old English meant "Roman, Celtic-speaker" but whose meaning changed during the Old English period to mean "Briton", then "enslaved Briton", and then "slave") and þēow (whose ...