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The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the atmosphere reached 427 ppm (0.0427%) on a molar basis in 2024, representing 3341 gigatonnes of CO 2. [1] This is an increase of 50% since the start of the Industrial Revolution, up from 280 ppm during the 10,000 years prior to the mid-18th century. [2] [3] [4] The increase is due to human ...
A 2-fold increase in CO 2 content changes the wavelengths ranges only slightly, and so this derivative is approximately constant along such an increase. Thus, a 2-fold increase in CO 2 content will reduce the radiation emitted by Earth by approximately: ln(2)*5 W/m 2 = 3.4 W/m 2. More generally, an increase by a factor c/c 0 gives: ln(c/c 0)*5 ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 February 2025. Gas in an atmosphere with certain absorption characteristics This article is about the physical properties of greenhouse gases. For how human activities are adding to greenhouse gases, see Greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases trap some of the heat that results when sunlight heats ...
The concentration of water vapor (a greenhouse gas) varies significantly from around 10 ppm by mole fraction in the coldest portions of the atmosphere to as much as 5% by mole fraction in hot, humid air masses, and concentrations of other atmospheric gases are typically quoted in terms of dry air (without water vapor).
The 2023 data represent the highest level recorded and experienced an increase of 1.9% or 994 Mt CO 2 eq compared to the levels in 2022. The majority of GHG emissions consisted of fossil CO 2 accounting for 73.7% of total emissions. [4] China, the United States, India, the EU27, Russia and Brazil were the world’s largest GHG emitters in 2023 ...
RCP 2.6 is a "very stringent" pathway. [6] According to the IPCC, RCP 2.6 requires that carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions start declining by 2020 and go to zero by 2100.It also requires that methane emissions (CH 4) go to approximately half the CH 4 levels of 2020, and that sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions decline to approximately 10% of those of 1980–1990.
This is a list of fictional countries from published works of fiction (books, films, television series, games, etc.). Fictional works describe all the countries in the following list as located somewhere on the surface of the Earth as opposed to underground, inside the planet, on another world, or during a different "age" of the planet with a different physical geography.
Deforestation, for example, decreases the biosphere's ability to absorb carbon, thus increasing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. [24] As the industrial use of carbon by humans is a very new dynamic on a geologic scale, it is important to be able to track sources and sinks of carbon in the atmosphere.