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Emil Hans Willi Hennig (20 April 1913 – 5 November 1976) was a German biologist and zoologist who is considered the founder of phylogenetic systematics, otherwise known as cladistics. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In 1945 as a prisoner of war , Hennig began work on his theory of cladistics, which he published in German in 1950, with a substantially ...
Cladistics (/ k l ə ˈ d ɪ s t ɪ k s / klə-DIST-iks; from Ancient Greek κλάδος kládos 'branch') [1] is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry.
A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be ...
Gauthier is the son of Edward Paul Gauthier and Patricia Marie Grogan. [citation needed] He received a B.S. degree in zoology at San Diego State University in 1973, a master's in biological science at the same institute in 1980, and a PhD in paleontology from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1984. [1]
The Willi Hennig Society was founded on a philosophical division among systematic biologists in the late 1970s. A debate created the rift between pheneticists who advocated for statistical or numerical methods that grouped taxa by overall similarity in taxonomy and systematic biologists who adopted a strict cladistic approach to taxonomy, recognizing groups by shared, derived characters alone.
A simple cladogram showing the evolutionary relationships between four species: A, B, C, and D. Here, Species A is the outgroup, and Species B, C, and D form the ingroup. In cladistics or phylogenetics, an outgroup [1] is a more distantly related group of organisms that serves as a reference group when determining the evolutionary relationships of the ingroup, the set of organisms under study ...
Cladistics (Greek κλάδος, klados, i.e. "branch") [7] is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized based on shared, derived characteristics that can be traced to a group's most recent common ancestor and are not present in more distant ancestors. Therefore, members of a group are assumed to share a common ...
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