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Mnemonic device for the two theories: a person refusing to work ("X") and a person cheering the opportunity to work ("Y") Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. [1]
Organizing, is the management function that follows after planning, it involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments and the assignment of authority with adequate responsibility and allocation of resources across the organization to achieve common goals. Organizing involves the establishment of an intentional ...
Managerialism is the idea that professional managers should run organizations in line with organizational routines which produce controllable and measurable results. [1] [2] It applies the procedures of running a for-profit business to any organization, with an emphasis on control, [3] accountability, [4] measurement, strategic planning and the micromanagement of staff.
In profitable organizations, management's primary function is the satisfaction of a range of stakeholders. This typically involves making a profit (for the shareholders), creating valued products at a reasonable cost (for customers), and providing great employment opportunities for employees.
A matrix organization frequently uses teams of employees to accomplish work, in order to take advantage of the strengths, as well as make up for the weaknesses, of functional and decentralized forms. An example would be a company that produces two products, "product A" and "product B".
Organizational theory covers both intra-organizational and inter-organizational fields of study. In the early 20th century, theories of organizations initially took a rational perspective but have since become more diverse. In a rational organization system, there are two significant parts: Specificity of Goals and Formalization.
The democratic management style involves managers reaching decisions with the input of the employees but being responsible for making the final decision. [4] There are many variations of this style of management including consultative, participative, and collaborative styles. Employee ideas and contributions are encouraged, but not necessary.
A management system is a set of policies, processes and procedures used by an organization to ensure that it can fulfill the tasks required to achieve its objectives. [1] These objectives cover many aspects of the organization's operations (including product quality, worker management, safe operation, client relationships, regulatory ...