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Folic acid, which is the synthetic form of the vitamin folate, is critical both in pre- and peri-conception. [7] Deficiencies in folic acid may cause neural tube defects (NTDs). Women who had 0.4 mg of folic acid in their systems due to supplementing 3 months before childbirth significantly reduced the risk of NTDs. [29]
Iron supplements, also known as iron salts and iron pills, are a number of iron formulations used to treat and prevent iron deficiency including iron deficiency anemia. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] For prevention they are only recommended in those with poor absorption , heavy menstrual periods , pregnancy , hemodialysis , or a diet low in iron.
From country to country, added folic acid amounts range from 0.4 to 5.1 mg/kg, but the great majority are in a more narrow range of 1.0 to 2.5 mg/kg, i.e. 100–250 μg/100g. [32] Folate naturally found in food is susceptible to destruction from high heat cooking, especially in the presence of acidic foods and sauces.
Ferrous salt/folic acid is a supplement used to prevent iron deficiency and folic acid deficiency during pregnancy. [1] It can also be used to treat iron deficiency anemia. [1] It is a fixed dose combination of ferrous salt and folic acid. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects may include dark stools, constipation, and abdominal pain. [1]
Treatment may include dietary changes and folic acid supplements. [1] Dietary changes including eating foods high in folate such as, fruits and green leafy vegetables can help. [1] Prevention is recommended for pregnant women or those who are planning a pregnancy. [1] Folate deficiency is very rare in countries with folic acid fortification ...
Fortification is present in common food items in two different ways: adding back and addition. Flour loses nutritional value due to the way grains are processed; enriched flour has iron, folic acid, niacin, riboflavin, and thiamine added back to it. Conversely, other fortified foods have micronutrients added to them that don't naturally occur ...
A folic acid supplement may also be recommended. [ 52 ] For those with severe forms of thalassemia (thalassemia major, or transfusion-dependent thalassemia), the three principal treatments are red blood cell transfusions to relieve anemia, iron chelation to mitigate the side effects of transfusion, and folic acid supplementation to encourage ...
Intravenous iron may also be used in cases of severe iron deficiency anemia during second and third trimesters of pregnancy. [31] Anemias due to other deficiencies such as folic acid or vitamin B12 can also be treated with supplementation as well; dose may vary based on level of deficiency. [32]