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2. Desalination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination

   Costs of desalinating sea water (infrastructure, energy, and maintenance) are generally higher than fresh water from rivers or groundwater, water recycling, and water conservation, but alternatives are only sometimes available. Desalination costs in 2013 ranged from US$0.45 to US$1.00/m 3. More than half of the cost comes directly from energy ...

3. Solar-powered desalination unit - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-powered_desalination...

   Indirect solar desalination systems comprise two sub-systems: a solar collection system and a desalination system. The solar collection system is used, either to collect heat using solar collectors and supply it via a heat exchanger to a thermal desalination process, or to convert electromagnetic solar radiation to electricity using photovoltaic cells to power an electricity-driven ...

4. Solar desalination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_desalination

   Solar stills of this type are described in survival guides, provided in marine survival kits, and employed in many small desalination and distillation plants. Water production is proportional to the area of the solar surface and solar incidence angle and has an average estimated value of 3–4 litres per square metre (0.074–0.098 US gal/sq ft ...

5. Solar still - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_still

   Seawater is poured into the inner bag from an opening in the ball's neck. Fresh water is taken out using the side tube. Output ranged from 1.4 litres (1.5 US qt) to 2.4 litres (2.5 US qt) of fresh water per day. [1] Similar stills are included in some life raft survival kits, though manual reverse osmosis desalinators have mostly replaced them. [2]

6. Multi-stage flash distillation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-stage_flash_distillation

   B - Seawater in C - Potable water out D - Brine out (waste) E - Condensate out F - Heat exchange G - Condensation collection H - Brine heater MSF Desalination Plant at Jebel Ali G Station, Dubai. The plant has a series of spaces called stages, each containing a heat exchanger and a condensate collector. The sequence has a cold end and a hot end ...

7. Vapor-compression desalination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor-compression_desalination

   The first method utilizes an ejector system motivated by steam at manometric pressure from an external source in order to recycle vapor from the desalination process. The form is designated ejectocompression or thermocompression. Using the second method, water vapor is compressed by means of a mechanical device, electrically driven in most cases.