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The phon is a logarithmic unit of loudness level for tones and complex sounds. Loudness is measured in sones , a linear unit. Human sensitivity to sound is variable across different frequencies ; therefore, although two different tones may present an identical sound pressure to a human ear, they may be psychoacoustically perceived as differing ...
Hindustani (sometimes called Hindi–Urdu) is a colloquial language and lingua franca of Pakistan and the Hindi Belt of India. It forms a dialect continuum between its two formal registers: the highly Persianized Urdu, and the de-Persianized, Sanskritized Hindi. [2] Urdu uses a modification of the Persian alphabet, whereas Hindi uses Devanagari ...
The sone (/ ˈ s oʊ n /) is a unit of loudness, the subjective perception of sound pressure. The study of perceived loudness is included in the topic of psychoacoustics and employs methods of psychophysics. Doubling the perceived loudness doubles the sone value. Proposed by Stanley Smith Stevens in 1936, it is not an SI unit.
from Hindi पश्मीना, Urdu پشمينه, ultimately from Persian پشمينه. Punch from Hindi and Urdu panch پانچ, meaning "five". The drink was originally made with five ingredients: alcohol, sugar, lemon, water, and tea or spices. [15] [16] The original drink was named paantsch. Pundit
A loudness level of 30 phon leads to a loudness of 0.44 sone (instead of 0.5 phon) A loudness level of 20 phon leads to a loudness of 0.14 sone (instead of 0.25 phon) A loudness level of 10 phon leads to a loudness of 0.018 sone (instead of 0.125 phon) Skyhead E 22:17, 29 March 2010 (UTC)
Phones are the segments of speech that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, regardless of whether the exact sound is critical to the meanings of words. . Whereas a phone is a concrete sound used across various spoken languages, a phoneme is more abstract and narrowly defined: any class of phones that the users of a particular language nevertheless perceive as a single basic ...
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hindi and Urdu in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.