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The term is generally used by critics of a national government. It has been used variously in the past to describe the Russian government under Boris Yeltsin and later, under Vladimir Putin, [10] the government of Egypt under Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi, [11] governments in sub-Saharan Africa, [12] the government of the Philippines under Rodrigo Duterte, [13] and the governments under some United ...
Some perceive malicious compliance as a tool for effecting change, such as social change, [7] or meeting goals, such as production quotas, even at the expense of efficiency and the organization. [8] Other motivations include office politics, jealousy, revenge on a supervisor, [3] [9] and simply "sticking it to" an organization one is unhappy ...
The corresponding Latin antonym, ars, is the source of English art, which is not an antonym of inert. Inflammable Flammable Synonym. From Latin flammare meaning "to catch fire". Inflammable is from Latin inflammare meaning "to cause to catch fire". Antonym is nonflammable. [4] Innocent Nocent Rare. Means "harmful". Innocuous Nocuous Uncommon [5 ...
Examples of government failure include regulatory capture and regulatory arbitrage. Government failure may arise because of unanticipated consequences of a government intervention, or because an inefficient outcome is more politically feasible than a Pareto improvement to it. Government failure can be on both the demand side and the supply side.
Douglass Cater, in his 1959 "The Fourth Branch of Government" offered the hypothesis that the press had become "a de facto, quasiofficial fourth branch of government" and observed it was the looseness of the American political framework that allowed news media to “insert themselves as another branch of the government”. [4] [5] Cater was ...
In Pacific States Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Oregon, the Supreme Court was asked to invalidate referendums (a form of direct democracy rather than representative democracy) permitted by state law, on the ground that they violate the Guarantee Clause's republican form of government requirement. The court refused to invalidate referendums. [4]
Democratic backsliding [a] or autocratization is a process of regime change toward autocracy in which the exercise of political power becomes more arbitrary and repressive. [7] [8] [9] The process typically restricts the space for public contest and political participation in the process of government selection.
Subversion (from Latin subvertere 'overthrow') refers to a process by which the values and principles of a system in place are contradicted or reversed in an attempt to sabotage the established social order and its structures of power, authority, tradition, hierarchy, and social norms.