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Second supplement: "A secret article for perpetual peace" Appendix I.—"On the disagreement between morals and politics with reference to perpetual peace" Appendix II.—"Concerning the harmony of politics with morals according to the transcendental idea of public right" Kant's essay in some ways resemble modern democratic peace theory.
Other theories hold that human rights codify moral behavior which is a human social product developed by a process of biological and social evolution (associated with Hume). Human rights are also described as a sociological pattern of rule setting (as in the sociological theory of law and the work of Weber ).
Hobbes outlined four key principles of purpose in his philosophical literature: Welfare of the general public. [3] State of well-being and satisfaction with life. [3] The pursuit of justice. [3] The pursuit of peace (to avoid the ‘state of war’). [3] These concepts are mutually reinforcing and feature across his most prominent works.
Building a modern view on social contract theory, Rawls bases his work on an idea of justice being rooted in the basic structure, constituting the fundamental rules in society, which shape the social and economic institutions, as well as the governance. [5] This basic structure is what shapes the citizens’ life opportunities.
According to Aristotle, how to lead a good life is one of the central questions of ethics. [1]Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the study of moral phenomena. It is one of the main branches of philosophy and investigates the nature of morality and the principles that govern the moral evaluation of conduct, character traits, and institutions.
Principlism is an applied ethics approach to the examination of moral dilemmas centering the application of certain ethical principles. This approach to ethical decision-making has been prevalently adopted in various professional fields, largely because it sidesteps complex debates in moral philosophy at the theoretical level.
Besides utilitarianism and Kantianism, natural law jurisprudence has in common with virtue ethics that it is a live option for a first principles ethics theory in analytic philosophy. The concept of natural law was very important in the development of the English common law .
Eudaimonism – system of ethics that measures happiness in relation to morality. Ethics of care – a normative ethical theory; Living Ethics; Religious ethics. Divine command theory – claims that ethical sentences express the attitudes of God. Thus, the sentence "charity is good" means "God commands charity".