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The International Phonetic Alphabet, or IPA, is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language. [1] The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants.
It altereth the sound of all the vowells, euen quite thorough one or mo consonants as, máde, stéme, éche, kínde, strípe, óre, cúre, tóste sound sharp with the qualifying E in their end: whereas, màd, stèm, èch, frind, strip, or, cut, tost, contract of tossed sound flat without the same E, And therefor the same loud and sharp sound in ...
Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]
Pulmonic consonant letters are arranged singly or in pairs of voiceless and voiced sounds, with these then grouped in columns from front (labial) sounds on the left to back (glottal) sounds on the right. In official publications by the IPA, two columns are omitted to save space, with the letters listed among "other symbols" even though ...
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
Between vowels in a few words mihi sky (never aspirated as in kill) i [j] Beginning of a word and before a vowel ianua yard [jː] Between vowels Gaius Doubled, as in toy yacht k [k] Always kalendae sky (never aspirated as in kill) l [l] Always paulum slip (never 'dark' as in pools) p [p] Always praeda spy (never aspirated as in pill)
The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents the Ancient Greek (AG) and Modern Greek (MG) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The Ancient Greek pronunciation shown here is a reconstruction of the Attic dialect in the 5th century BC.
Consonants [2] ARPABET IPA Example 1-letter 2-letter b B b: buy C CH tʃ: China d D d: die D DH ð: thy F DX ɾ: butter L EL l̩: bottle: M EM m̩: rhythm: N EN n̩: button: f F f: fight g G ɡ: guy h HH or H [3] h: high J JH dʒ: jive k K k: kite l L l: lie m M m: my n N n: nigh G NX or NG [3] ŋ: sing — NX [3] ɾ̃: winter p P p: pie Q Q ʔ ...