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Adobe bricks near a construction site in Milyanfan, Kyrgyzstan. Bricks made from adobe are usually made by pressing the mud mixture into an open timber frame. In North America, the brick is typically about 25 by 36 cm (10 by 14 in) in size. The mixture is molded into the frame, which is removed after initial setting.
Adobe construction is common throughout much of Africa today. [31] Adobe bricks are traditionally made from sand and clay mixed with water to a plastic consistency, with straw or grass as a binder. [32] [d] The mud is prepared, placed in wooden forms, tamped and leveled, and then turned out of the mold to dry for several days. The bricks are ...
The technique was additive; new layers of brick were laid directly on top of the old, hence large quantities of bricks were required for the construction. Archeologists have estimated that the Huaca del Sol was composed of over 130 million adobe bricks and was the largest pre-Columbian adobe structure built in the Americas. [1]
Adobe bricks made of clay, sand and straw, similar to cob, have long been used in the Southwest. More recently, hay bale houses have been constructed with walls made of insulating straw and a ...
Bricks made without straw would break and crumble easily. Adobe bricks used around the world are generally only sun dried but grasses, straw and other materials are added to the clay for the same basic reasons. [3] The ancient brick-making process can still be seen on Egyptian tomb paintings and models.
Rammed earth is a very abundant material that can be used in place of concrete and brick. Soil is packed tightly into wall molds where it is rammed together and hardened to form a durable wall packing made of nothing more than dirt, stones, and sticks. [3] Rammed earth also provides thermal mass, resulting in energy savings.
Square paving bricks were equal in thickness to the common variety, but ranged from 11 to 15 inches (280 to 380 mm) across. [14] Many of the structures erected with this type of brick remained standing long after their adobe counterparts had been reduced to rubble. The earliest structures had roofs of thatch or earth supported by flat poles.
The mixture is then allowed to dry in the desired shape. Usually adobe is shaped into bricks that can be stacked to form walls. [3] Various claims are made about the optimal proportions of clay and sand (or larger aggregate). Some say that the best adobe soil contains 15% - 30% clay to bind the material together.