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Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias are often inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and several genes have now been identified where mutations can cause this disease. . The genes typically code for proteins known to be involved in synaptic transmission, ion channels or ion transporters.
Such contractile movements include dystonia, chorea, athetosis, and ballism. For example, “Her attacks were characterized as sudden unilateral stiffness of upper and lower limbs followed by an involuntary extrarotation of the arm and leg.” [ 3 ] Another frequently occurring symptom is the presence of an aura before the attack.
Hyperkinesia, more specifically chorea, is the hallmark symptom of Huntington's disease, formerly referred to as Huntington's chorea. Appropriately, chorea is derived from the Greek word, khoros, meaning "dance." The extent of the hyperkinesia exhibited in the disease can vary from solely the little finger to the entire body, resembling ...
Choreoathetosis is the occurrence of involuntary movements in a combination of chorea (irregular migrating contractions) and athetosis (twisting and writhing).. It is caused by many different diseases and agents.
Chorea, or (rarely) choreia, (/ k ə ˈ r i ə /) is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, characterized by quick movements of the hands or feet. It is one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias .
Late-onset dyskinesia, also known as tardive dyskinesia, occurs after long-term treatment with an antipsychotic drug such as haloperidol (Haldol) or amoxapine (Asendin). The symptoms include tremors and writhing movements of the body and limbs, and abnormal movements in the face, mouth, and tongue – including involuntary lip smacking, repetitive pouting of the lips, and tongue protrusions.
Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.
Athetosis is a commonly occurring symptom in the disease cerebral palsy. [14] Of all people with the disease, between 16% [15] and 25% [4] of them actually exhibit the symptom of athetosis. A component of this is the finding that most often the symptoms that involve athetosis occur as a part of choreoathetosis as opposed to athetosis alone.