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Bismuth metal has been known since ancient times and it was one of the first 10 metals to have been discovered. The name bismuth dates to around 1665 and is of uncertain etymology. The name possibly comes from obsolete German Bismuth, Wismut, Wissmuth (early 16th century), perhaps related to Old High German hwiz ("white"). [10]
Bismuth(III) oxide is a compound of bismuth, and a common starting point for bismuth chemistry.It is found naturally as the mineral bismite (monoclinic) and sphaerobismoite (tetragonal, much more rare), but it is usually obtained as a by-product of the smelting of copper and lead ores.
He gave six ways to distinguish bismuth and cobalt which were typically found in the same ores: Bismuth fractures while Cobalt is more like a true metal. The regulus of Shetz fuses with flint and fixed alkali giving a blue glass known as zaffera, sasre, or smalt. Bismuth does not. Bismuth melts easily and if kept melted, calcinates forming a ...
Unlike the lighter pnictogens nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic, but similar to antimony, bismuth does not form a stable hydride. Bismuth hydride, bismuthine (BiH 3), is an endothermic compound that spontaneously decomposes at room temperature. It is stable only below −60 °C. [5] Bismuthides are intermetallic compounds between bismuth and ...
Most gold is mined as native metal and can be found as nuggets, veins or wires of gold in a rock matrix, or fine grains of gold, mixed in with sediments or bound within rock. The iconic image of gold mining for many is gold panning , which is a method of separating flakes and nuggets of pure gold from river sediments due to their great density .
The Goldschmidt classification, [1] [2] developed by Victor Goldschmidt (1888–1947), is a geochemical classification which groups the chemical elements within the Earth according to their preferred host phases into lithophile (rock-loving), siderophile (iron-loving), chalcophile (sulfide ore-loving or chalcogen-loving), and atmophile (gas-loving) or volatile (the element, or a compound in ...
Hoppering is common in many minerals, including lab-grown bismuth, galena, quartz (called skeletal or fenster crystals), gold, calcite, halite (salt), and water (ice). In 2017, Frito-Lay filed for (and later received) a patent [1] for a salt cube hopper crystal. Because the shape increases surface area to volume, it allows people to taste more ...
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+.The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table.