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Copper deficiency, or hypocupremia, is defined as insufficient copper to meet the body's needs, or as a serum copper level below the normal range. [1] Symptoms may include fatigue , decreased red blood cells , early greying of the hair, and neurological problems presenting as numbness , tingling, muscle weakness, and ataxia . [ 2 ]
Acquired copper deficiency has recently been implicated in adult-onset progressive myeloneuropathy [71] and in the development of severe blood disorders including myelodysplastic syndrome. [18] [72] [73] Fortunately, copper deficiency can be confirmed by very low serum metal and ceruloplasmin concentrations in the blood.
Familial benign copper deficiency, also known as Familial benign hypocupremia is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by hypocupremia that causes symptoms such as epilepsy, hypotonia, seborrheic skin, thriving failure and mild anemia. [2] Radiological findings include tibia and femur spurring. [3]
In the case of copper the adult UL is set at 10 mg/day. [4] Copper gluconate is sold as a dietary supplement to provide copper. The typical dose is 2.0 mg copper per day. This is one-fifth what the IOM considers a safe upper limit. Long-term intake at amounts higher than the UL may cause liver damage. [4]
Medical treatments are available for Wilson's disease. Some increase the removal of copper from the body, while others prevent the absorption of copper from the diet. Generally, penicillamine is the first treatment used. This binds to copper (by chelation) and leads to excretion of copper in the urine. Hence, monitoring of the amount of copper ...
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For example, for calcium the U.S. Food and Drug Administration set the recommended intake for adults over 70 years at 1,200 mg/day and the UL at 2,000 mg/day. [19] The European Union also sets recommended amounts and upper limits, which are not always in accord with the U.S. [ 20 ] Likewise, Japan, which sets the UL for iodine at 3000 μg ...
Mineral deficiency is a lack of the dietary minerals, the micronutrients that are needed for an organism's proper health. [1] The cause may be a poor diet , impaired uptake of the minerals that are consumed, or a dysfunction in the organism's use of the mineral after it is absorbed.