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Protruding ear, otapostasis or bat ear is an abnormally prominent human ear. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The concha is large with poorly developed antihelix and scapha. It is the result of malformation of cartilage during primitive ear development in intrauterine life. [1] The deformity can be corrected anytime after five years of age.
Enlarged vestibular aqueducts are caused by mutations in gene SLC26A4, which is also associated with Pendred syndrome and non-syndromic recessive deafness. Enlarged vestibular aqueducts often occur with other inner ear development problems, such as cochlear deformities. Enlarged vestibular aqueducts are part of the classic Mondini deformity.
CT abdomen, coronal section, showing characteristic large rugal folds in the stomach. A cyst is also seen in the liver. The large folds of the stomach, as seen in Ménétrier disease, are easily detected by x-ray imaging following a barium meal or by endoscopic methods. Due to the thickened rugae folds, it is said to have a cerebriform (brain ...
An epicanthic fold or epicanthus [6] is a skin fold of the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner (medial canthus) of the eye. [3] However, variation occurs in the nature of this feature and the possession of "partial epicanthic folds" or "slight epicanthic folds" is noted in the relevant literature.
Individuals with the disorder usually have distinctive malformations of the craniofacial area including an unusually large head (macrocephaly), prominent forehead, and abnormal narrowing of both sides of the forehead (bitemporal constriction); The nose can be upturned and short with a low nasal bridge; and large ears that are abnormally rotated toward the back of the head.
Rarely, Mycobacterium species can also cause the infection. Some mastoiditis is caused by cholesteatoma, which is a sac of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that usually results from repeated middle-ear infections. If left untreated, the cholesteatoma can erode into the mastoid process, producing mastoiditis, as well as other ...
The severity of the ear deformity that is to be corrected determines the advantageous timing of an otoplasty; for example, in children with extremely prominent ears, 4 years old is a reasonable age. In cases of macrotia associated with prominent ears, the child's age might be 2 years. Nonetheless, it is advantageous to restrict the further ...
Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant [2] disorder, which affects the development of the teeth, eyes, and abdominal region. [3]Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome is part of the so-called iridocorneal or anterior segment dysgenesis syndromes, [4] which were formerly known as anterior segment cleavage syndromes, anterior chamber segmentation syndromes or mesodermal dysgenesis.